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In analytical sciences one of the major goals is to develop and validate methods for the identification and quantification of molecules in complex samples to support investigations in the pharmaceutical sciences, environmental sciences, food sciences, biology and medicine.
A typical workflow consists in isolating the analyte from the matrix, separating it from other similar constituents and selectively identifying them. One of the key separation techniques is chromatography, which was pioneered by Mikhail S. Tsvet in 1900. Tsvet separated compounds of leaf pigments, extracted from plants using a solvent, in a column packed with particles. Over the years the technique has evolved by working with higher pressures, and has given rise to the acronym HPLC, standing for high pressure liquid chromatography, which is now one of the major techniques in the separation sciences.
Today operating pressures in the range of 600 to 1,600 bar are routine. Using smaller particle geometry, resulting in improved separation resolution, various particle chemistries have been developed, making it possible to use different separation mechanisms to cope with the analysis of both small molecules and macromolecules. On-line light scattering, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy are the most commonly used detection methods. The development of atmospheric pressure ionization techniques (in particular, electrospray ionization) has given rise to the coupling of ultra-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. This combination has raised standards in separation power and detection, opening new avenues in the multi-components analysis that is mandatory for proteomic and metabolomic investigations. In addition, the integration of real time multi-dimensional liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry adds several dimensions in sample analysis. Ideally, one would like to gather as much information as possible from a single analysis, and a coupling or combination of techniques is highly desirable to cope with these challenges, resulting in a combinatorial explosion of possible approaches. While high quality information is required to push limits in the sciences, the development of high sample throughput and miniaturization approaches in various areas will be needed in order to take full advantage of these new analytical tools. Many of these topics, including fundamental aspects of separation sciences and combinations involving mass spectrometry and high-end applications,
will be discussed between academic, industrial, young and established scientists from all over the world at the 42nd International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques, to be held from 21 to 25 June at the International Conference Center (CICG) in Geneva, Switzerland.
Making it easier to differentiate mirror-image molecules
Using a new method, scientists are better able to distinguish between mirror-image substances. This is important amongst others in drug development, because the two variants can cause completely different effects in the human body. Researchers from Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, EPF Lausanne ... more
A Negative Enzyme Yields Positive Results
Chemistry has provided many key tools and techniques to the biological community in the last twenty years. We can now make proteins that Mother Nature never thought of, image unique parts of live cells and even see cells in live animals. This week in ACS Central Science, two research groups ... more
Detecting and manipulating ions
The pH electrode is now ubiquitous for the monitoring of chemical processes. Progress in materials chemistry and fundamental methodology opens the door to new exciting approaches. more
Gérard Hopfgartner, studied chemistry at the University of Geneva and received his Ph.D. degree in 1991 in the field of organic geochemistry and mass spectrometry. He pursued his formation as a postdoctoral fellow at Cornell University in the domain of LC-MS/MS atmospheric pressure ionizati ... more
is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Geneva. He was educated at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich, Switzerland. After his Ph.D. he pursued postdoctoral studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, U.S.A. His independent career started at Auburn Unive ... more
is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Prof. Eric Bakker’s research group at the University of Geneva. Between obtaining his Bachelor’s degree from Nanjing University in China and starting his studies in Geneva, he worked for half a year in WuXi AppTech (Shanghai) and one year and a half in the ... more
Over 50% of out-of-specification (OOS) results in analytical workflows are reportedly caused by sample processing and operator errors (…)
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